The Conversation

Central American gangs like MS-13 were born out of failed anti-crime policies

Written by Jose Miguel Cruz, Director of Research, Florida International University

A Salvadoran man believed to be a member of the MS-13 gang as he is arrested.AP Photo/Josh Reynolds

The street gang Mara Salvatrucha 13, commonly known as MS-13, was born in the United States.

Despite what President Donald Trump and Attorney General Sessions have claimed, lax immigration policies are not what allowed MS-13 and other Central American...

Iranian voters' economic gloom may doom President Rouhani's reelection bid

Written by Nader Habibi, Professor of the Economics of the Middle East at the Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University

Markets breathed a collective sigh of relief after Emmanuel Macron won the French presidency. But there’s another vote this month that’s just as consequential yet has received far less attention: Iran’s May 19 presidential election.

If the incumbent moderate Hassan Rouhani doesn’t win a second term, one of his conservative...

Throwing injuries in young baseball players: Is there something we are not considering?

Written by Jason Zaremski, Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Florida

From www.shutterstock.com

Baseball marks the end of winter and the start of spring, and we as a nation delight in watching not only the pros but also our kids play this great game.

Unfortunately, we sports medicine doctors are seeing an increase in injuries to the throwing arm in youngsters, and many of these require surgery. Most worrisome is that...

Brain-imaging modern people making Stone Age tools hints at evolution of human intelligence

Written by Shelby Putt, Postdoctoral Research Fellow, The Stone Age Institute and The Center for Research into the Anthropological Foundations of Technology, Indiana University

The stone flakes are flying, but what brain regions are firing?Shelby S. Putt, CC BY-ND

How did humans get to be so smart, and when did this happen? To untangle this question, we need to know more about the intelligence of our human ancestors who lived 1.8 million years ago. It was at this point in time that a new type of stone tool hit the scene...

In letters from Stalin's labor camps, a window into Soviet political oppression

Written by Emily Johnson, Associate Professor of Russian, University of Oklahoma

Over a period of 30 years, millions of criminals and political prisoners were sent to Soviet labor camps.Wikimedia Commons

In 2011, I was at the Hoover Institution Archives sifting through the papers of the Latvian poet and journalist Arsenii Formakov (1900-1983) when I noticed a folder of letters encased in clear plastic.

From the oval censorship...

People don’t trust scientific research when companies are involved

Written by John C. Besley, Associate Professor of Advertising and Public Relations, Michigan State University

People seem to think industry-funded research belongs in the garbage.mllejules/Shutterstock.com

A soda company sponsoring nutrition research. An oil conglomerate helping fund a climate-related research meeting. Does the public care who’s paying for science?

In a word, yes. When industry funds science, credibility suffers. And this does not...

Will optimistic stories get people to care about nature?

Written by Diogo Veríssimo, David H. Smith Conservation Research Fellow, Georgia State University

The Pinocchio anole lizard (Anolis probiscis) was first described in Ecuador in 1953, then believed to have become extinct until it was rediscovered in 2005.Javier Abalos Alvarez/Flickr, CC BY-SA

Nature doesn’t make the news often these days. When it does, the story usually revolves around wildlife on the brink, record-setting climate...

How the hijab has grown into a fashion industry

Written by Faegheh Shirazi, Professor, Department of Middle Eastern Studies, University of Texas at Austin

Nike, the well-known U.S. sportswear company, recently introduced a sports hijab. The reaction to this has been mixed: There are those who are applauding Nike for its inclusiveness of Muslim women who want to cover their hair, and there are those who accuse it of abetting women’s subjugation.

Nike, in fact, is not the first corporate brand...

Can we talk about free speech on campus?

Written by Neal H. Hutchens, Professor of Higher Education, University of Mississippi

Students protested at UC Berkeley on both sides: in opposition to Ann Coulter and in support of free speech.AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez

The recent cancellation of an appearance by conservative commentator Ann Coulter at the University of California at Berkeley resulted in confrontations between protestors. It’s the latest in a series of heate...

Macron beats Le Pen, but can he lead France?

Written by Joshua Cole, Professor of History, University of Michigan

Macron votesEric Feferberg/AP

In the second round of the French presidential election, extremism lost.

It is less clear what won.

Estimates after the polls closed had Emmanuel Macron winning with 63.7 percent of the vote. National Front candidate Marine Le Pen took approximately 36.3 percent. That’s less than the 40 percent some polls gave...