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From whistling arrows and trumpeting elephants to battle cries and eerie horns, ancient soldiers used sound to frighten and confuse their enemies

  • Written by Adrienne Mayor, Research Scholar, Classics and History and Philosophy of Science, Stanford University
imageThree soldiers (far right) carry karnyxes, long horns with frightening boar-headed mouths that produce eerie calls during battle.Prisma/Universal Images Group via Getty Images

As if the tumultuous din of battle is not horrendous enough, over the ages humans have discovered plenty of ways to exploit sound in warfare. I found an astonishing variety...

Read more: From whistling arrows and trumpeting elephants to battle cries and eerie horns, ancient soldiers...

More than 1 in 5 US adults don’t want children

  • Written by Zachary P. Neal, Associate Professor of Psychology, Michigan State University
imageAmericans are deciding to be childfree at a far younger age than previously thought.Photo via Smith Collection/Gado/Getty Images

Fears about declining fertility rates have come from sources as diverse as Pope Francis and Tesla CEO Elon Musk. The U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson could force women to give birth against their...

Read more: More than 1 in 5 US adults don’t want children

Coyotes are here to stay in North American cities – here's how to appreciate them from a distance

  • Written by David Drake, Professor of Forest and Wildlife Ecology and Extension Wildlife Specialist, University of Wisconsin-Madison
imageA coyote on a golf course in Scottsdale, Ariz., June 19, 2011.Dru Bloomfield/Flickr, CC BY

Coyotes have become practically ubiquitous across the lower 48 United States, and they’re increasingly turning up in cities. The draws are abundant food and green space in urban areas.

At first these appearances were novelties, like the hot summer day...

Read more: Coyotes are here to stay in North American cities – here's how to appreciate them from a distance

Charities that don't embrace common financial norms tend to outperform their peers

  • Written by George E. Mitchell, Associate Professor of Public and International Affairs, Baruch College, CUNY
imageBucking conventions can be wise.wenmei Zhou/ DigitalVision Vectors via Getty Images

The Research Brief is a short take about interesting academic work.

The big idea

Charities following widely accepted norms for nonprofit financial management generally perform worse than those embracing other approaches. That’s the main – and perhaps...

Read more: Charities that don't embrace common financial norms tend to outperform their peers

Why Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan puts the White House in delicate straits of diplomacy with China

  • Written by Meredith Oyen, Associate Professor of History and Asian Studies, University of Maryland, Baltimore County
imageNot everyone is so thrilled by the visit.AP Photo/Chiang Ying-ying

U.S. House Speaker Nancy Pelosi arrived in Taiwan on Aug. 2, 2022 – a highly controversial trip that has been strongly opposed by China.

Such is the sensitivity over the island’s status that even before Pelosi’s plane touched down in the capital of Taipei, mere...

Read more: Why Nancy Pelosi's visit to Taiwan puts the White House in delicate straits of diplomacy with China

Who was Ayman al-Zawahri? Where does his death leave al-Qaida and what does it say about US counterterrorism?

  • Written by Haroro J. Ingram, Senior Research Fellow at the Program on Extremism, George Washington University
imageWho will replace the man who replaced bin Laden?Visual News/Getty Images

Ayman al-Zawahri, leader of al-Qaida and a plotter of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, has been killed in a drone strike in the Afghan city of Kabul, according to the U.S. government.

Al-Zawahri was the the successor to Osama bin Laden and his death marked “one more measure of...

Read more: Who was Ayman al-Zawahri? Where does his death leave al-Qaida and what does it say about US...

Congress is considering making same-sex marriage federal law – a political scientist explains how this issue became less polarized over time

  • Written by Tim Lindberg, Assistant professor, political science , University of Minnesota
imageA same-sex marriage supporter waves a rainbow flag outside the Supreme Court in 2015.Drew Angerer/Getty Images

While public opinion and different state laws on abortion rights are sharply dividing the country, there’s growing indication that most people agree on another once-controversial topic – protecting same-sex marriage.

The U.S....

Read more: Congress is considering making same-sex marriage federal law – a political scientist explains how...

5 of the biggest threats today's K-12 students and educators face don't involve guns

  • Written by Elizabeth Zumpe, Visiting Assistant Professor in Educational Leadership, UMass Lowell
imageSchools across the U.S. are dealing with many challenges.Washington Post via Getty Images

While many American students and their parents worry that the next mass shooting could happen at their school, schools are also facing a number of other threats that do not involve guns. Many of these threats are related to the mental health of educators and...

Read more: 5 of the biggest threats today's K-12 students and educators face don't involve guns

What are automotive 'over-the-air' updates? A marketing professor explains

  • Written by Vivek Astvansh, Professor of Marketing and Data Science, Indiana University
imageMost EV recalls don't require a mechanic.Spencer Platt/Getty Images

Whenever automakers discover that a vehicle has a defect or does not comply with U.S. laws, they must notify the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration and mail a notice to each customer who owns or leases the affected vehicles. Automakers must also recall those cars,...

Read more: What are automotive 'over-the-air' updates? A marketing professor explains

Why food insecurity among Gen Z is so much higher than for other age groups

  • Written by Sam Polzin, Food and Agriculture Survey Scientist, Purdue University
imageAbout 30% of Gen Z adults needed help from a food bank or other charity to get enough food in 2022. AP Photo/Rick BowmerimageCC BY-ND

Adult members of Generation Z are experiencing food insecurity at over twice the rate of the average American, according to our latest consumer food survey. In fact, about 1 in 3 Americans born from 1996-2004 have had...

Read more: Why food insecurity among Gen Z is so much higher than for other age groups

More Articles ...

  1. The story behind 'Star Trek' actress Nichelle Nichols' iconic interracial kiss
  2. If all the vehicles in the world were to convert to electric, would it be quieter?
  3. How to keep high school athletes safe from heat illness in a brutally hot summer
  4. Inflation is spiking around the world – not just in the United States
  5. How to college: 4 essential reads for incoming first-year students and their parents on mental health, libraries and more
  6. Climate change is intensifying the water cycle, bringing more powerful storms and flooding – here's what the science shows
  7. A new third party for US politics – 3 essential reads on what that means
  8. Charles Henry Turner: The little-known Black high school science teacher who revolutionized the study of insect behavior in the early 20th century
  9. Taking certain opioids while on commonly prescribed antidepressants may increase the risk of overdose
  10. Is the US in a recession? Well, that depends on whom you ask – and what measure they use
  11. A better way to do flood and wildfire risk ratings: Translating risk to future costs helps homebuyers and renters grasp the odds
  12. Russia's invasion of Ukraine threatens a cultural heritage the two countries share, including Saint Sophia Cathedral
  13. 'Rage giving': Charities can get a boost from current events, such as controversial Supreme Court rulings
  14. Nature is the world's original pharmacy – returning to medicine's roots could help fill drug discovery gaps
  15. An antidemocratic philosophy called 'neoreaction' is creeping into GOP politics
  16. Pushing 'closure' after trauma can be harmful to people grieving – here's what you can do instead
  17. How forests lost 8,000 years of stored carbon in a few generations – animated maps reveal climate lessons for tree-planting projects today
  18. Top democracy activists were executed in Myanmar – 4 key things to know
  19. Why the big fuss over Nancy Pelosi's possible visit to Taiwan?
  20. Why declaring monkeypox a global health emergency is a preventative step -- not a reason for panic
  21. The opioid crisis isn’t just the Sacklers’ fault – and making Purdue Pharma pay isn’t enough on its own to fix the pharmaceutical industry’s deeper problems
  22. How the omicron subvariant BA.5 became a master of disguise – and what it means for the current COVID-19 surge
  23. Proclaim debt amnesty throughout all the land? A biblical solution to a present-day problem
  24. There is a lot of antisemitic hate speech on social media – and algorithms are partly to blame
  25. Russians reportedly building a satellite-blinding laser – an expert explains the technology
  26. What is Title IX? 4 essential reads
  27. A brief history of Esperanto, the 135-year-old language of peace hated by Hitler and Stalin alike
  28. Cross-pollination among neuroscience, psychology and AI research yields a foundational understanding of thinking
  29. Dispirited homebuyers show why Fed's unprecedented fight against inflation is beginning to succeed
  30. Astronomers have found an especially sneaky black hole – discovery sheds light on star death, black hole formation and gravitational waves
  31. Why do hammerhead sharks have hammer-shaped heads?
  32. Overturning Roe is not making laws reflect what people want -- new survey highlights flaws in Supreme Court's reasoning in returning abortion authority to states
  33. Alcohol use more likely among Black youths at racially segregated schools
  34. Polio in New York – an infectious disease doctor explains this exceedingly rare occurrence
  35. Sri Lanka's crisis: Can the South Asian economy break from the past and find a route to stability?
  36. Surveillance is pervasive: Yes, you are being watched, even if no one is looking for you
  37. Italy heading to snap election as unity coalition crumbles: Explaining the nation's fragmented party system
  38. How a 1989 poster became a fixture on the front lines in the battle over abortion rights
  39. How to navigate self-managed abortion issues such as access, wait times and complications – a family physician explains
  40. Utah's Pioneer Day celebrates Mormons' trek west – but there's a lot more to the history of Latter-day Saints and migration
  41. Food expiration dates don't have much science behind them – a food safety researcher explains another way to know what's too old to eat
  42. Jan. 6 committee set to examine Trump's connection to Capitol rioters – a militia expert explains this complex relationship
  43. Supreme Court reversed almost 200 years of US law and tradition upholding tribal sovereignty in its latest term
  44. Silent, subtle and unseen: How seizures happen and why they're hard to diagnose
  45. It’s a myth that sunscreen prevents melanoma in people of color – a dermatologist explains
  46. Losing a grandmother can have long-lasting mental health effects for kids and adolescents, a new study finds
  47. Human garbage is a plentiful but dangerous source of food for polar bears finding it harder to hunt seals on dwindling sea ice
  48. Warsaw Ghetto's defiant Jewish doctors secretly documented the medical effects of Nazi starvation policies in a book recently rediscovered on a library shelf
  49. Why are drug names so long and complicated? A pharmacist explains the logic behind the nomenclature
  50. The westward spread of zebra and quagga mussels shows how tiny invaders can cause big problems