From its birth 50 years ago, hip-hop has spread throughout Europe and challenged outdated ideals of racial and ethnic identity
- Written by Armin Langer, Assistant Professor of European Studies, University of Florida

His name is Alpha Diallo, and in his 2016 song “I am at home,” the French rapper makes clear who and what he is.
“I am Black,” he sings, “Proud to be French of Guinean origin.”
Known as Black M,...